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South Sudan (officially known as the Republic of South Sudan) is an enclosed country in East Africa with Jumba as its capital.
Its area is 619,745 square kilometers, while its population amounts to 11,194,000 inhabitants according to the United Nations average estimate for 2020.
 It borders Sudan north 1,946 km, east Ethiopia 837 km, southeast Kenya 232 km, south Uganda 435 km southwest of Democratic Republic of the Congo 628 km and to the west with the Central African Republic for 990 km.
South Sudan includes the vast swampy area of ??Sudd, defined by the White Nile and known to the locals as Bar el Jebel.
Until 9 July 2011, South Sudan was part of the Republic of Sudan. The region initially gained autonomy under a peace agreement signed on July 9, 2005, ending the Second Sudanese Civil War between the Sudanese People's Liberation Movement and the Sudanese government, represented by the National Democratic Party. .
This armed conflict was the longest-running civil war in African history. In January 2011, a referendum was held in which the people of the region decided to become independent from the Republic of Sudan.
On July 9, 2011, South Sudan seceded and became an independent country.
the area is rich in oil.
The administrative division of Sudan (before 2011) and the position of South Sudan (blue)
The first violent conflicts erupted in the mid-1950s, shortly after Sudan's decision on independence, with the latter officially gaining independence in 1956.
The first clashes took place between insurgents in the cities of the region and the forces of the British Administration. From 1955 to 1972, the Sudanese government confronted the Anyanga rebel forces in the region, who demanded greater autonomy for the South.
(First civil war in Sudan).
 The conflict between northern and southern Sudan ended in March 1972 with the Addis Ababa Peace Accords, and is estimated to have killed more than 500,000 people.
In 1983, new conflicts broke out between the northern and southern parts of the country (Second Sudanese Civil War).
The Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) and the Sudan People's Liberation Movement (SPLM) are part of the Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLM).
Disputes between the Sudanese Government Army and the SPLA will last until 2005, when the two sides sign the Comprehensive Peace Agreement (CPA, also known as the Naivasa Agreement) in Kenya.
The casualties of this second war are estimated at around 2 million, while about 4 million people in the area are estimated to have been forced to flee.